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加速度重构；固定时间收敛；约束控制；障碍李雅普诺夫函数；初始状态无关方法；外骨骼机器人 1

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Nonlinear dynamic analysis for elastic robotic arms

M. H. KORAYEM, H. N. RAHIMI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第2期页码 219-228 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0218-y

摘要：

The aim of the paper is to analyze the nonlinear dynamics of robotic arms with elastic links and joints. The main contribution of the paper is the comparative assessment of assumed modes and finite element methods as more convenient approaches for computing the nonlinear dynamic of robotic systems. Numerical simulations comprising both methods are carried out and results are discussed. Hence, advantages and disadvantages of each method are illustrated. Then, adding the joint flexibility to the system is dealt with and the obtained model is demonstrated. Finally, a brief description of the optimal motion generation is presented and the simulation is carried out to investigate the role of robot dynamic modeling in the control of robots.

关键词： robotic arms elastic link elastic joint nonlinear dynamics optimal control

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Kinematic design of an anthropomimetic 7-DOF cable-driven robotic arm

Guilin YANG, Shabbir Kurbanhusen MUSTAFA, Song Huat YEO, Wei LIN, Wen Bin LIM

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 45-60 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0205-3

摘要：

In this paper, an anthropomimetic design of a 7-DOF dexterous robotic arm is proposed. Similar to the human arm, the arm consists of three sequentially connected modules, i.e., a 3-DOF shoulder module, a 1-DOF elbow module, and a 3-DOF wrist module. All three arm modules are also driven by cables in order to mimic the driving scheme and functionality of the human muscles. This paper addresses three critical design analysis issues, i.e., the displacement analysis, the tension-closure analysis, and the workspace analysis. A closed-form solution approach is presented for the forward displacement analysis, while the inverse displacement solution is obtained through an efficient optimization algorithm, in which both task-decomposition and dimension-reduction techniques are employed. An effective tension-closure analysis algorithm is also formulated based on the theory of convex analysis. The orientation workspace for the 3-DOF shoulder and wrist modules are then analyzed using a new equi-volumetric partition scheme based on the intuitive Tilt-and-Torsion angle parameterization. An optimization approach is then investigated for the kinematic design of the three joint modules, in which the design objective is to maximize the matched workspace of the robotic arm joints with that of the human arm joints. A research prototype of the 7-DOF cable-driven robotic arm has also been developed in order to demonstrate the anthropomimetic design concept. With a lightweight structure of 1 kg, the cable-driven robotic arm can carry a payload of 5 kg and has motion repeatability of±2.5mm.

关键词： anthropomimetic design robotic arm cable-driven mechanism kinematic analysis design optimization

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Stiffness analysis and experimental validation of robotic systems

Giuseppe CARBONE

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第2期页码 182-196 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0221-3

摘要：

Stiffness can be considered of primary importance in order to guarantee the successful use of any robotic system for a given task. Therefore, this paper proposes procedures for carrying out both numerical and experimental estimations of stiffness performance for multibody robotic systems. The proposed numerical procedure is based on models with lumped parameters for deriving the Cartesian stiffness matrix. Stiffness performance indices are also proposed for comparing stiffness performance. Then, an experimental procedure for the evaluation stiffness performance is proposed as based on a new measuring system named as Milli-CATRASYS (Milli Cassino Tracking System) and on a trilateration technique. Cases of study are reported to show the soundness and engineering feasibility of both the proposed numerical formulation for stiffness analysis and experimental validation of stiffness performance.

关键词： robotics stiffness performance numerical and experimental estimations

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全尺寸交流500 kV输电杆塔复合横担的雷电闪络特性 Article

王乾, 梁曦东, 沈余峰, 刘书明, 左周, 高岩峰

《工程（英文）》 2023年第23卷第4期页码 130-137 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.09.021

摘要：

架空输电线路（OTL）一直以来都是电力传输的主要方式。随着输电电压和输电容量的迅速提高，输电杆塔的尺寸也随之增加，造成土地资源的大量占用。考虑到线路复合绝缘子的优异性能，复合横担有望成为这一问题的解决方案。在本文中，作者制备了一个安装有复合横担的全尺寸交流（AC）500 kV输电杆塔，并施加了不同极性的雷电过电压。借助高速相机记录了流注-先导放电的过程，确认了闪络的主要路径。通过测量闪络电压并根据空气密度和湿度对结果进行修正，证实了放电的极性效应。继而，根据杆塔结构和闪络特性计算了杆塔的耐雷水平。基于全尺寸试验的结果与分析，确认了复合横担的可行性，并提出了结构优化方案。

关键词：复合横担输电杆塔雷电闪络流注放电耐雷水平

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A novel task-oriented framework for dual-arm robotic assembly task

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第3期页码 528-545 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0638-2

摘要： In industrial manufacturing, the deployment of dual-arm robots in assembly tasks has become a trend. However, making the dual-arm robots more intelligent in such applications is still an open, challenging issue. This paper proposes a novel framework that combines task-oriented motion planning with visual perception to facilitate robot deployment from perception to execution and finish assembly problems by using dual-arm robots. In this framework, visual perception is first employed to track the effects of the robot behaviors and observe states of the workpieces, where the performance of tasks can be abstracted as a high-level state for intelligent reasoning. The assembly task and manipulation sequences can be obtained by analyzing and reasoning the state transition trajectory of the environment as well as the workpieces. Next, the corresponding assembly manipulation can be generated and parameterized according to the differences between adjacent states by combining with the prebuilt knowledge of the scenarios. Experiments are set up with a dual-arm robotic system (ABB YuMi and an RGB-D camera) to validate the proposed framework. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and the promising value of its practical application.

关键词： dual-arm assembly AI reasoning intelligent system task-oriented motion planning visual perception

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Review of surgical robotic systems for keyhole and endoscopic procedures: state of the art and perspectives

Yuyang Chen, Shu’an Zhang, Zhonghao Wu, Bo Yang, Qingquan Luo, Kai Xu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 382-403 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0781-x

摘要： Minimally invasive surgery, including laparoscopic and thoracoscopic procedures, benefits patients in terms of improved postoperative outcomes and short recovery time. The challenges in hand–eye coordination and manipulation dexterity during the aforementioned procedures have inspired an enormous wave of developments on surgical robotic systems to assist keyhole and endoscopic procedures in the past decades. This paper presents a systematic review of the state-of-the-art systems, picturing a detailed landscape of the system configurations, actuation schemes, and control approaches of the existing surgical robotic systems for keyhole and endoscopic procedures. The development challenges and future perspectives are discussed in depth to point out the need for new enabling technologies and inspire future researches.

关键词： surgical robots keyhole surgery endoscopic surgery

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Gained switching-based fuzzy sliding mode control for a discrete-time underactuated robotic system with

Hui LI, Ruiqin LI, Jianwei ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第2期页码 353-362 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0620-4

摘要： This study proposes a gained switching-based discrete-time sliding mode control method to address the chattering issue in disturbed discrete-time systems, which suffer from various unknown uncertainties. Through the new structure of the designed reaching law, the proposed method can effectively increase the convergence speed while guaranteeing chattering-free control. The performance of controlling underactuated robotic systems can be further improved by the adoption of fuzzy logic to perform adaptive online hyper-parameter tuning. In addition, an underactuated robotic system with uncertainties is studied to validate the effectiveness of the proposed reaching law. Results reveal the dynamic performance and robustness of the proposed reaching law in the studied system and prove the proposed method’s superiority over other state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： sliding-mode control robot control discrete-time uncertain systems fuzzy logic

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New spinal robotic technologies

Bowen Jiang, Tej D. Azad, Ethan Cottrill, Corinna C. Zygourakis, Alex M. Zhu, Neil Crawford, Nicholas Theodore

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 723-729 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0716-6

摘要： Robotic systems in surgery have developed rapidly. Installations of the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), widely used in urological and gynecological procedures, have nearly doubled in the United States from 2010 to 2017. Robotics systems in spine surgery have been adopted more slowly; however, users are enthusiastic about their applications in this subspecialty. Spinal surgery often requires fine manipulation of vital structures that must be accessed via limited surgical corridors and can require repetitive tasks over lengthy periods of time — issues for which robotic assistance is well-positioned to complement human ability. To date, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 7 robotic systems across 4 companies for use in spinal surgery. The available clinical data evaluating their efficacy have generally demonstrated these systems to be accurate and safe. A critical next step in the broader adoption of surgical robotics in spine surgery is the design and implementation of rigorous comparative studies to interrogate the utility of robotic assistance. Here we discuss current applications of robotics in spine surgery, review robotic systems FDA-approved for use in spine surgery, summarize randomized controlled trials involving robotics in spine surgery, and comment on prospects of robotic-assisted spine surgery.

关键词： robotics spine surgery Mazor ExcelsiusGPS ROSA pedicle screw

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Robotic distal pancreatectomy versus conventional laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: a comparative study

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 356-360 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0404-0

摘要：

Robotic system has been increasingly used in pancreatectomy. However, the effectiveness of this method remains uncertain. This study compared the surgical outcomes between robot-assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and conventional laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. During a 15-year period, 35 patients underwent minimally invasive approach of distal pancreatectomy in our center. Seventeen of these patients had robot-assisted laparoscopic approach, and the remaining 18 had conventional laparoscopic approach. Their operative parameters and perioperative outcomes were analyzed retrospectively in a prospective database. The mean operating time in the robotic group (221.4 min) was significantly longer than that in the laparoscopic group (173.6 min) (P = 0.026). Both robotic and conventional laparoscopic groups presented no significant difference in spleen-preservation rate (52.9% vs. 38.9%) (P = 0.505), operative blood loss (100.3 ml vs. 268.3 ml) (P = 0.29), overall morbidity rate (47.1% vs. 38.9%) (P = 0.73), and post-operative hospital stay (11.4 days vs. 14.2 days) (P = 0.46). Both groups also showed no perioperative mortality. Similar outcomes were observed in robotic distal pancreatectomy and conventional laparoscopic approach. However, robotic approach tended to have the advantages of less blood loss and shorter hospital stay. Further studies are necessary to determine the clinical position of robotic distal pancreatectomy.

关键词： distal pancreatectomy pancreatic neoplasm robotic surgery

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基于阻抗控制的人机协作范式研究及其机器人装配应用 Article

赵兴炜, 陈沂洺, 钱璐, 陶波, 丁汉

《工程（英文）》 2023年第30卷第11期页码 83-92 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.022

摘要：

人-机器人协作由于人和机器人的优势互补而成为一个新兴的研究领域。本文提出了一种基于阻抗控制人机协作理论框架。在人机理论协框架下，人是决策者，机器人是执行者，装配任务提供环境约束。机器人是执行装配动作的主要执行者，具有位置控制、拖动控制、正阻抗控制和负阻抗控制等方式。为了揭示人机协作框架的特点，本文讨论了不同控制模式的切换条件图和人机协同耦合系统的稳定性分析。最后进行了人机协作装配实验，在装配公差为0.08 mm或配合过盈配合时，均可完成装配任务。实验表明，人机协同装配具有人与机器人的互补优势，能够有效地完成复杂的装配任务。

关键词：人机协作阻抗控制机器人装配

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面向CPG驱动的仿生机器鱼容错控制方法 Article

杨越麒, 王健, 吴正兴, 喻俊志

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第6期页码 861-868 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.09.011

摘要：

容错性能对于自推进仿生机器鱼在实际水下应用中的可操作性和生存能力至关重要。本文探讨了具有多个可活动关节和一个被卡住尾部关节的自由游动机器鱼的容错控制问题。提出的控制系统主要由两个部分组成：反馈控制器和前馈补偿器。具体而言，一方面，设计了基于生物启发中心模式发生器的反馈控制器用于使机器鱼对外部干扰具有鲁棒性；另一方面，引入了基于动力学模型的前馈补偿器来加速整个控制系统的收敛。在此基础上，开展了仿真实验来完成控制系统分析和故障机器鱼游动性能验证。最后，水下实验表明，所提出的容错控制方法能够有效调整故障机器鱼，使其能够在故障情况下完成所需运动，进而提高实际机器鱼系统的稳定性和寿命。

关键词：容错控制机器鱼运动控制反馈控制器前馈补偿器

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面向机器人微创手术的新型遥控柔性机器人 Article

李峥, Jan Feiling, 任洪亮, Haoyong Yu

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第1期页码 73-78 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015011

摘要：

本文介绍了基于约束型蛇形拉线机构（CTSM）的新型柔性机器人系统。与达芬奇外科手术机器人和传统柔性机器人相比，基于CTSM的机器人具有更大的工作空间，更高的灵巧度以及刚度可控的优点。该机器人采用Novint Falcon触觉设备进行远程操控，包括两种操作模式——直接映射模式和增量模式。在每一种模式下，该机器人都可以采用“最大刚度”方案或“最小运动”方案来操控。CTSM的以上优点在仿真模拟和实验中均得以验证。

关键词：外科手术机器人柔性机械臂拉线机构机器人微创手术

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针对水下作业的新型机器人视觉感知框架 Research Article

鲁岳1,陈星宇2,吴正兴1,喻俊志1,3,文力4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第11期页码 1602-1619 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100366

摘要：

水下机器人操作通常需要视觉感知（如目标检测和跟踪），但水下场景视觉质量较差，且代表一种特殊分布，会影响视觉感知的准确性。同时，检测的连续性和稳定性对机器人感知也很重要，但常用的基于静态精度的评估（即平均精度（average precision））不足以反映检测器的时序性能。针对这两个问题，本文提出一种新型机器人视觉感知框架。首先，研究不同质量的数据分布与视觉恢复在检测性能上的关系。结果表明虽然分布质量对分布内检测精度几乎没有影响，但是视觉恢复可以通过缓解分布漂移，从而有益于真实海洋场景的检测。此外，提出基于目标轨迹的检测连续性和稳定性的非参考评估方法，以及一种在线轨迹优化（online tracklet refinement，OTR）来提高检测器的时间性能。最后，结合视觉恢复，建立精确稳定的水下机器人视觉感知框架。为了将视频目标检测（video object detection，VID）方法扩展到单目标跟踪任务，提出小交并比抑制（small-overlap suppression，SOS）方法，实现目标检测和目标跟踪之间的灵活切换。基于ImageNet VID数据集和真实环境下的机器人任务进行了大量实验，实验结果验证了所作分析的正确性及所提方法的优越性。代码公开在https://github.com/yrqs/VisPerception。

关键词：水下作业；机器人感知；视觉恢复；视频目标检测

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概述机器人技术的进步

王天然

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第4期页码 433-434 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.016